Racial Profiling of Minorities in America - 2081 Words

The Racial Profiling of Minorities in America Ethnic Studies 123 Professor Hebert Johnson John Jay College of Crimnal Justice By: Andy Victor Our country was founded on this idea of freedom and how America was this land of opportunity. Time and history tells us it was easier said than done because racism restricted certain groups from achieving that â€Å"opportunity†. This social issue still haunts today but manifest not whips and chains but through racial profiling. Racial profiling is unjust, and a poison to the ideas of Democracy because it generalizes a specific group as being criminal and therefore makes the rest society inherit the same perception. In our society today, we have both†¦show more content†¦Hispanics were 1.48 times more likely to be stopped. After the traffic stop, non-Whites were more likely to be arrested, yet police in West Virginia obtained a significantly higher contraband hit rate for White drivers than minorities.† In Illinois statistics of the 2003 traffic stops uncovered similar patterns of racial profiling by law enforcement authorities. According to civilrights.org â⠂¬Å"The number of consent searches after traffic stops of African-American and Hispanic motorists were more than double that of Whites. The consent searches found White motorists were twice as likely to have contraband.† Another study exposed the Texas police department for practicing racial profiling. Civilrights.org writes â€Å"A 2005 study analyzing data gathered statewide in Texas reveals disproportionate traffic stops and searches of African Americans and Hispanics, even though law enforcement authorities were more likely to find contraband on Whites.† So not only can we argue that this is socially unjust but also unconstitutional. In many cases the racial profiling victims have not even committed a crime but yet they are constantly being treated as suspects. Race should never be the basis of why a person is stopped, interrogated, and searched but unfortunately it is. According to the American Civil Liberties Union â€Å"On April 23, 2010, Arizona governor JanShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling : The United States Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Profiling The United States of America, a country founded on diversity, remains ingrained with hypocritical ideas with respect to its very foundations of freedom and independence. America shows no mercy in the prejudice actions towards its minorities. The United States of America contributes greatly towards the injustice of minorities and giving privilege towards its â€Å"native† people yet not all â€Å"natives† are greatly loved in the country as Neil Foley, author of Becoming Hispanic: MexicanRead MoreRacial Profiling Is Not Be Acknowledged As A Law Authorization1476 Words   |  6 PagesRacial profiling emerges as a standout amongst the most dubious issues in the United States of America as well as different parts of the world all the more so in the created nations. Basically, it includes the utilization of the ethnicity, race or nationality of a person as the fundamental variable of law authorization methodology, for example, arbitrary checks, capture and so forth. In the United States of America, racial profiling is generally considered by numerous individuals as an apparatusRead MoreRacial Inequality Of Americ Why It Still Matters Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesRace in America - Why it still Matters One would not want to live a life if they knew their chances of reaching their goals, were almost certainly downsized or marginalized by their race. Well, sadly this is the case for Blacks in America. Blacks are often found to be, at the bottom of the American society. America is suppose to be â€Å"The land of the free, and the home of the brave,† allowing all citizens equal opportunity. However in a harsh reality it is not, but instead the land of the incapacitatedRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement1065 Words   |  5 PagesWhen thinking about racism, it feels like it is a thing of the past, but it’s not. There are numerous people who are racist in law enforcement and that is demonstrated through racial profiling. Racial profiling still exists today and unfortunately happens frequently. In 2013, an unarmed black male, Trayvon Martin, is shot and killed by an officer. In 2014, Michael Brown, who is also a black male is shot and killed by another officer. Also, many black and Hispanic people are racially profiled andRead More Racial Targeting and Profiling in the United States Essay1455 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Targeting and Profiling in the United States The practice of targeting individuals for police investigation based on their race alone in the last few years has been an increasingly prominent issue in American society. Numerous magazines, newspapers, and journals have explored the issue of race-motivated police actions. Recently, the ABA Journal did a study of New Jersey and Pennsylvania traffic stops from 1998 to 2001, concluding that black drivers were more likely to be pulled over andRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Racial Profiling1418 Words   |  6 Pagestopics is racial profiling. For centuries, America has looked down and discriminated minorities and it still continues today. It began when minorities started to immigrate to America in search of better lives. Most whites believed in white supremacy and thought minorities were aliens. The police use racial profiling mostly towards minority groups. Racial profiling is the use of race or a skin color to suspect someone of doing an offense. While some people think that racial profiling is beneficialRead MoreRacial Profiling is Unfair to the Innocent Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of racial profiling in America is one of great importance to the future of American society. This issue fairly new, in terms of being recognized is old in its ways. Racism and stereotyping are issues that date back to hundreds of years ago. Racial profiling in America is one that needs to be addressed by the government and society if we ever want America to truly be, The Land of The Free. One of the main examples of racial profiling is called DWB (Driving While Black). This is a termRead MoreThe Rise Of Awareness Of Police Brutality Towards Black Males965 Words   |  4 Pageswith the rise of awareness of police brutality towards black males in America, it is clearly evident that black people are treated differently especially in terms of racial profiling. According to analysis by New York Civil Liberties Union, in 2013 83% of the people stopped in New York for a fri sk and search were black or Hispanic with only 12% being white and of all the people stopped 81% were completely innocent. Racial profiling causing an uneasiness to those who are victims of it, for Brent StaplesRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United Kingdom934 Words   |  4 PagesRacial profiling has become a highly debatable law enforcement practice over the last two decades. There has been an overwhelming increase of reported instances in which law enforcement personnel have been accused of targeting certain minority groups. This has casted a luminous spotlight on racial profiling, as well as increased tensions between law enforcement and citizens. Two black America s by the Wilson Quarterly reported that New York City police stopped nearly 700,000 people, with 85% ofRead MoreThe Immigration And The Rule Of Law Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesbyproducts of racial profiling in America. Racial profiling is a common occurrence in the United States. In an article called Racial pro filing - separate and unequal keeping the minorities in line - the role of law enforcement in America, it specifically talks about racial profiling in the police force. The article expresses that racial profiling is one of the most serious, enduring, and divisive human rights violations in the United States. April Walker has gone more into detail about racial profiling

Financial Crisis And Its Effects On The World Economy

Abstract Between the years of 2007 to 2008, the world was faced with a major financial meltdown with global market failures and economies in shambles. The emergence of subprime mortgages and the collapse of securitized derivatives led to much speculation of different causes. What was the root factor that led to the triggering of this financial crisis? This research conducts a comparative analysis of my research and beliefs on the cause of the crisis contrary to other researchers’ conclusions. It is an aim to provide my hypothesis on the leading factors and conduct an analysis from experts to test my hypothesis. Experts’ results were examined to reach the solution that factor such as securitization; easy money and other issues was the main known causes of the crisis. Although there is no specific root cause, I came to the conclusion that due to historical evidence, easy money was the cause of most financial crises. The financial crisis of 2007-08 also commonly referred to as the global financial crisis caused a rippling effect on the world economy, leading to the dissolution of some of the largest corporations. There are many factors that led to the crisis such as deregulation, gained popularity, easy access to subprime mortgage loans, low interest rates, securitization and the bursting of a housing bubble and illiquidity. The combination of a real estate burst and their underlying mortgages that were securitized is the most rampant speculation of the cause ofShow MoreRelatedExploring the Contagion and Its Effect on Macroeconomic Conditions1452 Words   |  6 Pagessubprime mortgages, began to struggle. The result was a credit crisis, followed by substantial government intervention in the industry. This crisis then spread throughout much of the rest of the world. The contagion effect was driven by factors such as financial institution connectedness and exposure to the US economy. This paper w ill explore the contagion, and its effect on macroeconomic conditions both in the United States and around the world. Body A contagion is defined as a significant increaseRead MoreThe World s Economy Was Devastated1732 Words   |  7 Pagesworld’s economy was devastated. With the crash of the United States Wall Street, the realm drove into what is now known as the â€Å"Great Recession†. Its neighbour to the north, Canada also felt these affects as unemployment and poverty grew. After a decade of despair, the massive rise in government spending for the Second World War and the reductions in taxes, the economies returned to prosper. With decades of industrialization, population growth and surging economies, the Western World mainly theRead MoreThe World Experienced A Tremendous Financial Crisis Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In 2008, the world experienced a tremendous financial crisis which rooted from the U.S housing market; moreover, it is considered by many economists as one of the worst recession since the Great Depression in 1930s. After posing a huge effect on the U.S economy, the financial crisis expanded to Europe and the rest of the world. It brought governments down, ruined economies, crumble financial corporations and impoverish individual lives. For example, the financial crisis has resulted in theRead MoreModern Egyptian Economy1526 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The Egyptian economy has been witnessing a series of economic and political reforms since the beginning of the 21st century. Starting from post-Gamal Abdel-Nasser’s era in 1990 several economic reforms and monetary policies have been implemented by the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) and other economic institutions. The economic reforms started by the Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Programme (ERSAP), offered by the International MonetaryRead MoreThe Effect of Recent Financial Crisis and Regulatory Implications in Asia1532 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutional level of the global financial crisis. The financial crisis began in United States in 2007 and spread to other countries. The crisis was triggered by a liquidity shortfall in United States banking system and resulted to the collapse of financial institutions. Asia is one major continent in which the recent financial crisis had spread. The impact of the crisis had far reaching effects on the economy of Asia than many people had anticipated. Historically, the economy of many Asian countries wasRead MoreWorld Economy Individual Assignment :1022 Words   |  5 PagesWorld Economy Individual Assignment-Baris Kayacan Fast economic conversion that Turley experienced after 1980 has made a significant effect on country’s whole economy and especially removal of obstacles in front of capital movements and integration of the country with global economy has increased the importance of financial sector as a whole . But this fast conversion made the economy vulnerable to crisis and Turkish economy experienced two devastating economic crisis in post 1980 era. In this reportRead MoreFinancial Crisis Of A Single Country1671 Words   |  7 Pages Table of Contents Summary 2 Financial crisis 3 Impact of financial crisis 4 Effect of financial crisis on different on the economies of different countries 5 Mathematical problems 6 Conclusiom 8 References ..................................................................................................................................................9 Summary Financial crisis has long been a part of global economic recession throughout the history. Here, the purpose of this assignmentRead MoreProblems Associated With The Financial Crisis1165 Words   |  5 Pagesinitial financial problems were concentrated in institutions exposed to mortgage securitization. But how it is that financial imbalances were transmitted into macroeconomic disruptions? What mainly channeled the crisis to other sectors was the resulting contraction in credit, of banks and other financial intermediaries. It is important to differentiate between the loss of financial actors associated with mortgages, which was the initially crisis, and the losses caused by the after effects, also calledRead MoreEssay on The Economic Impact of the Mexican Peso Crisis1568 Words   |  7 Pages1994, the world saw the decline of the Mexican Peso, leading to what is now considered as the Mexican Peso Crisis. The crisis was characterized by the drastic decline in the value of the Mexica n Peso. The Mexican Peso Crisis is considered significant because of its impact on other parts of the region, including Brazil. The following is a discussion of the causes and impact of the Mexican Peso Crisis. The events/causes that led up to the devaluation of the peso The Mexican Peso Crisis can be tracedRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Crisis of 2008 in Comparison to the Great Depression of the 1930s Introduction The economic crisis’ of the 1930s and 2000s greatly impacted the United Sates (U.S) and the world. The Great Depression and Global Crisis were both major economic crisis’s the originated in the United States and spread to foreign markets around the world. The Great Depression is regarded as the biggest economic downturn, due to many factors like the stock market crash. The Global Crisis on the other hand, was a

A theology or philosophy of education Free Essays

Education is an essential part of our lives. Without education we fail to understand the greater meanings of life. True education does not only contain achievement of academic degrees. We will write a custom essay sample on A theology or philosophy of education or any similar topic only for you Order Now It involves learning the meaning of life and the greater virtues of life and unless we understand the virtues and the philosophies of life we will not be in a position to intake the academic knowledge fully. In order to get proper education it is necessary that we get a true mentor who will strive to imbibe the philosophies of life into our minds. A mentor is able to impart academic knowledge only when he or she prepares the mind of students philosophically and morally. Moreover a mentor or an instructor should always walk in the path of virtue. Getting deviated from the path makes him unfit for teaching a bunch of young men. This paper aims to look at the various theories of life and the value of virtues in life and hence tries to relate it with teaching. It tries to focus on the fact that a mentor should believe and follow some theories while he or she is instructing the students. The paper also has tried to tell how the teachers should help their students to understand the meaning of their lives and also guide them in the true path of religion. The main aim of the paper remains in pointing out the role which an educator should play in order to bring about over all human development so that the society is able to get more number of sensible citizens who will adhere to the path of righteousness. There are actually many theories and many views of virtue which can be incorporated by an educator while imparting knowledge to the students. For instance The Divine Command Theory states that morality is associated with God’s commands. Divine Command Theory focuses that anything not approved by God is immoral. Therefore it actually tries to say that we must all carry out acts those are approved by the God. For example torture is an act not approved by the God hence we can say that torture is an immoral act. The theory is of prime importance because it gives us a reason as to why we need to be moral in our lives. An important thing which we tend to believe from the theory is that only the persons who are morally upright secure happiness in their lives. Hence we can say that with the help of the Divine Command Theory we get directed towards the path of morality. (Austin, 2006). As an instructor or a mentor we can take cue from this theory and try to imbibe the virtue of morality into their minds. We can use it by making our students understand that the ultimate aim of our lives should be morality. Unless we lead a moral life we will not be in a position to achieve happiness. It should be our attempt as a facilitator to make the students realize that unless they adhere to the path of morality they will not be able to get the blessings of the Almighty and in turn will not be able to get success in their lives. Incorporating of this theory into the teaching curriculum is important because unless the students are moral by nature they will not be able to take in the academic lessons properly. They will also not be able to use the lessons learnt in their future lives unless they have a moral foundation in them. The theory of virtue ethics is in close association with the Christian philosophy of ethics. The virtue theory is teleological in nature that is true human nature involved in true human good. The virtue ethics is of tripartite structure. It contains firstly human-nature-as-it-exists. Secondly it consists of human-nature-as-it-could-be. And the third element consists of all those habits, desires, perceptions which will transport human from one stage to the other stage. The virtue ethics focuses on the fact that there are certain habits and desires in human beings which prevent our journey towards a true human nature. Thus it is clear that in order to achieve the true good of our lives we may have to renounce certain habits of our lives. The theory deals with the journey from the stage of who we are to what we could be. It goes on to say that human nature is worth only when it is a good human nature and in order to become a good human nature it is absolutely necessary that we carry out functions which are true in nature and which adds to the true well being of humans. Therefore according to this theory we are permitted to carry out only those acts which contribute to the well being of the people and at the same time keep away from those which are not considered as true acts.(Kotva, 1997). Thus we can say that even the theory of virtue ethics can be incorporated within our teaching curriculum. That is we can make the students understand that the ultimate goal of life is well being and well being is only possible when we carry out true acts. True acts in the sense those acts which are virtuous in nature. We should also encourage the students to give up all those acts which are not true acts that are all those acts which do not contribute to the well being of man. In this way we can direct the students towards proper acts and keep them away from all ill acts. It is necessary to guide the students in such a direction because unless they carry out acts which are true by nature they will be unable to use their academic learning’s in proper channels. Instead they may use all their academic learning’s for accomplishing acts which are not proper. Hence it is very necessary to develop a moral guard in them right from their tender years so that they do not even get the desire to undertake an act which is improper. According to John Stuart Mill utilitarianism is basically the measure of human action based on the consequence received by that action. He was of the opinion that any human action which produces happiness among the human beings is a morally correct one. On the other hand an action which fails to generate human happiness is termed as morally wrong. Therefore according to Mill all human actions should be directed towards generating human happiness. Rather it should be the goal of all human beings to bring in happiness to others and not to one self.(West). Taking cue from the theory of J.S. Mill we can go further to say that the essence of utilitarianism is to maximize social welfare. We can take the happiness of others in a collective form and refer to it as the common good of the society. Thus according to the theory we can say that our ultimate aim should be to bring in the overall welfare of the society through our actions. Utilitarianism can be synonymous with â€Å"welfarism†. Therefore using utilitarianism we can say that all individuals are given an equal status as because a common good of the society has been mentioned. Unless all individuals are given an equal status they will not have a common welfare. Thus utilitarianism also incorporates egalitarianism.(Roemer, 1998). Even the theory of utilitarianism can be of much help in imbibing values within the students. We can use the theory to make the students understand that the aim of all our actions should be to secure happiness of others. Our actions should not be directed by self interests. By happiness of others it means that we should teach the students to work for the common good of the society because if we do not put effort for the betterment of our society we will also not achieve any betterment in our moral lives. Moreover the ultimate goal of education remains self-enlightenment and that enlightenment do not involve seeking happiness for the self but it comprises bringing in positive transformation of the society through our knowledge and education. Therefore it is a must that the students are made to realize the true purpose of education at a very early stage. It is necessary to make the students realize that the purpose of their education is a great one otherwise they in the later stages of life will not be able to do justice with their education. How to cite A theology or philosophy of education, Papers

“the American Criminal Justice System” free essay sample

â€Å"The American Criminal Justice System† Timeline: Key events in the historical development of capital and corporal punishment In 1692, the Salem Witch Trials began and is considered a great tragedy in history involving religion and beliefs. Many people suffered during this time if they were identified as a witch and the consequences were enforced by the minister of Salem, Samuel Parris, and his followers. A few punishments involved unlawful search and seizure’s, trials, and if convicted, executed. The Salem witch trials continued for eight months after Cotton Mather argued the mass convictions against the accused suspects and after the clergy began to question the evidence, Governor Phips, put a stop to the executions and all accused. A total of twenty people and two dogs lost their lives during this event in time. In 1934, the military prison closes on Alcatraz Island due to a rise in operational cost and the Federal government opens a Federal Prison on the Island to incarcerate high profile inmates. This location was ideal to hold unmanageable offenders in isolation and officials hope it would deter committed crime to those individuals in society. Fourteen attempted escapes occurred within the twenty-nine years of operation. In March 1963, Alcatraz closed due to the building slowly deterring and security measures diminished due to budget cuts. After the escape of Frank Morris and the Angelin Brothers, many scrutinized the prison for its security. In 1987, the United States created the sentencing guidelines under the Sentencing Reform Act in 1987. The guidelines resulted in a criminalization and sentencing process allows the prosecution control and Judges would have to follow these guidelines with little discretion on the decision. Congress would have the responsibility of creating a structure to avoid â€Å"Unwarranted sentencing disparity among defendants who held similar records who have been found guilty. † The sentencing guidelines initiated a debate involving the legal and social conflicts and consequences. Capital Punishment Methods and Procedures: Lethal Gas and Lethal Injection are the two methods used in the State of California for capital punishment. The procedure for a Legal Injection execution involves strapping the inmate onto a gurney with restraints in an execution chamber. A cardiac monitor is connected to the inmate and a printer outside the execution chamber. Two I. V. ’s are inserted in the veins and once the Warden signals to start, 5. 0 grams of sodium pentothal is injected. The line is then flushed with sterile saline solution and followed by 50 cc of pancuronium bromide. The line is flushed once more and the last injection consists of 50 cc of potassium chloride. The procedure for Lethal Gas execution is the inmate is restrained in a steel airtight chamber. Cyanide pellets are held in a container underneath the inmate. A container on the floor contains sulfuric acid and three executors turn one key. The electronic switch causes the container on the floor to open and allows the cyanide to fall in the sulfuric acid to create the lethal gas. The inmate is monitored so the warden knows when the inmate is no longer breathing. Exhaust fans and ammonia are pumped into the chamber, along with two scrubbers that contain water. This process takes about 30 minutes and the death normally occurs within six to eighteen minutes. Scott Peterson was sentenced to lethal injection in March 2005 for the murder of his wife, Laci Peterson and is currently incarcerated in San Quentin Prison. Scott Peterson is a white male, thirty eight years of age. Richard Ramirez is known as the â€Å"Night Stalker† and sentenced to death row in 1989 for killing 14 or more people. Richard Ramirez is a fifty-one years old, Mexican male. Richard Davis was sentenced to death row for the murder of Polly Klaas in 1996 and other convictions include: robbery, burglary, kidnapping and lewd acts upon a child. Richard Davis is a white male, fifty-six years old. Constitutional Amendments which safeguard inmates: The Eighth, Fifth, and Fourth Amendment protects inmates from cruel and unusual punishment, discrimination, allows inmates eligibility for parole, as well as enforcing due process. The Eighth Amendment requires jails and prisons to adhere to standard living conditions in a humane environment, involving the necessities to live and protection against physical abuse. The Fifth Amendment offers inmates the right to a speedy and unbiased trial, along with a public defender to represent their case in court. Lastly, the Fourteenth Amendment grants inmates protection and equal discipline from correctional officers. Prison architecture designs in America: The New York State’s Auburn System and the Pennsylvania System were two primary architecture designs in America. Eastern State Penitentiary is known as the first penitentiary designed by John Haviland which opened on October of 1829. The center tower was located in the middle of the penitentiary which attached to single story cell blocks. The single unit cells were 8 x 12 feet x 10 feet high and included running water, a toilet, and asmall individual exercise yard which was the same width as the cell. The primary purpose for the penitentiary was to place criminals in solitary confinement in hopes that the inmates would use the time to reflect on their deviant ways and change their behaviors which would lead them on the road to redemption. With the inmates in solitary confinement, inmates were unable to provoke or fight with each other while incarcerated and I would hope some would feel intimidated with living conditions with no intentions of returning. Some argued the prison was costly and majority of the guards would torture the inmate physically and psychologically making the living conditions inhumane. The prison eventually closed and was abandoned in 1971 due to the prison falling apart and currently is operating as a museum. Prison classification is used to asses an inmate’s risk and program needs. The levels are classified as close, medium, minimum 1, minimum 2, and minimum 3. Inmates classified as â€Å"close† present the highest risk of and minimum 3 inmates present the lowest risk. Authorities in the division of prisons are responsible for assigning inmate’s classification/level. These measures have been put in place for the purpose of maintaining order, protecting staff, and inmate safety. Differences between Parole and Probation duties and where the process is used in the Criminal Justice System: Probation is the sentencing during and after incarceration for an individual who committed a crime. Depending on the extent of the crime, a judge orders how much time an individual is incarcerated and once released, orders conditions that need to be followed while on probation. Individuals are responsible for following the rules and a probation officer will closely monitor the individual’s rehabilitation process. Parole is known as an early release from prison and is offered to individuals who follow the rules while incarcerated. The parole board will make the decision if the inmate is ready to be released back into society and evaluate his behavior while incarcerated. Conditions still do apply to a parole and our closely monitored by a Parole Officer. Probation occurs after a person has committed a crime and Parole occurs while a person is incarcerated. A few responsibilities or duties for a Probation Officer include: Evaluating the offender’s progress and behavior; Assist offenders in finding and maintain work; and responsible for all case management. A Parole Officer monitor’s the released individual to ensure they are following the conditions and restrictions. Some duties include: maintaining contact with the parole and their families; evaluate and report the parole’s progress; may work with both Juveniles and adults. Differences between rehabilitation and punishment and who might favor each concept: Rehabilitation gives an individual a chance to learn about his actions and offers individuals’ assistance for reentry into society. Rehabilitation programs are available to both adult and juvenile offenders. Drug Addiction Rehab, Alcohol Addiction Rehab, Violent Behavior Rehab are a few programs used in rehabilitating a person. Incarceration confines an inmate to a small cell with little to no privileges. Unless an inmate is in the process of rehabilitation, Incarceration does not offer help. Incarceration is in place for both juvenile and adult offenders. In California, the average cost for each prisoner is $35,000 per year and $70,000 per year for elderly inmates who require more attention to their health care. Offenders who regret their actions and have strong morals would favor the rehabilitation concept. While repeat offenders who learn to adapt to the prison environment will favor incarceration.